Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) Test

What is an Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) Test?

An Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) test is used to measure antibodies in the blood that may be associated with certain autoimmune diseases. It is often used to help diagnose and monitor diseases like Wegener’s granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). The test may also be used to help diagnose other conditions and monitor response to treatment.

Preparation

No special preparation is needed for the ANCA test. Your doctor will advise you of any medications to stop taking before the test.

Procedure

The ANCA test is performed using a blood sample taken from a vein in your arm. The sample is analyzed using a specialized technique called an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The test measures the level of antibodies against neutrophils, a type of white blood cell.

Types of ANCA Tests

The most common type of ANCA test is a cANCA test, which looks for antibodies against the cytoplasm (the inside part) of neutrophils. The other type is a pANCA test, which looks for antibodies against the nucleus (the inside part) of neutrophils.

Risks

The ANCA test is a simple, safe, and non-invasive procedure. It does not pose any significant risks.

Why is an ANCA Test Done?

The ANCA test is used to help diagnose and monitor diseases like Wegener’s granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). It can also be used to help diagnose and monitor other conditions, such as hypereosinophilia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), sunburn, infectious endocarditis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome.

When is an ANCA Test Done?

Your doctor may order an ANCA test if you have signs and symptoms of a disorder or condition associated with ANCA. It can be used to diagnose and monitor diseases like Wegener’s granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Your doctor may order an ANCA test periodically to monitor your response to treatment.