Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is the second leading type of cancer affecting women worldwide. Approximately 12,000 cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year. Locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) is a form of the disease that has spread to the tissue around the source of the original cancer, such as nearby lymph nodes or organs. It is important to recognize and diagnosis LACC as early as possible, since this form of the disease can often be more difficult to treat.

Symptoms of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

Common symptoms of LACC typically include:

pelvic pain
abnormal vaginal bleeding
pain during sex
swelling and bloating of the abdomen
difficulty urinating
uncommon discharge from the vagina

Causes

Most cervical cancers are caused by a virus known as human papilloma virus, or HPV. This virus is transmitted through sexual contact. It is extremely common and most sexually active adults will become infected at some point in their lives.

Diagnosis

To diagnose LACC, your doctor will need to perform a series of tests. A pelvic exam, ultrasound, CT scan, PET scan, and biopsy may all be used to diagnose the disease. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to obtain a more definitive diagnosis.

Treatment

Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can be used to treat LACC. The type of treatment recommended will depend on several factors, such as the size and location of the tumor, as well as the overall health of the patient. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be used.

Prevention

In women over the age of 21, regular Pap smears are the best way to prevent LACC. During the exam, a medical professional will collect cells from the surface of the cervix which can be tested for cancer. In those who are infected with HPV, regular HPV testing is also recommended.

Practicing safe sex, getting the HPV vaccine, and avoiding smoking and abusing alcohol can also reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer.