Leukemia
Leukemia - An Overview
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is the most common type of cancer in children, but it can also occur in adults. The disease affects the white blood cells, which are responsible for fighting infections. Leukemia causes the white blood cells to become abnormal and divide uncontrollably, leading to an increased number of these cells in the blood.
There are four main types of leukemia, each named after the type of cells that are affected: acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia. Symptoms of leukemia include fatigue, fever, weight loss, bruising easily, and an increased risk of infection. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the leukemia, and may include chemotherapy, radiation, stem cell transplant, or targeted therapy.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of leukemia is unknown, but several factors may increase the risk of developing the disease. These include:
- Exposure to high levels of radiation
- Exposure to certain chemicals, such as benzene or arsenic
- Having a family history of leukemia
- Having certain genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome or Fanconi anemia
- Being male or having been exposed to the human T-lymphotropic virus
Diagnosis and Treatment
Leukemia is often diagnosed through a physical exam and lab tests, including a complete blood count. Other tests, such as a bone marrow biopsy, may be used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment depends on the type and stage of the leukemia, but may include chemotherapy, radiation, stem cell transplant, or targeted therapy.
In cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia, remission (when the cancer is no longer detectable) can be achieved in many cases. However, long-term survival depends on the severity of the disease and the patient's response to treatment. For chronic leukemias, remission may not be possible, but treatments can help reduce symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.
Prevention
Leukemia cannot always be prevented, but there are steps you can take to reduce your risk. These include avoiding exposure to radiation and chemicals, eating a healthy diet, avoiding smoking and alcohol, and getting regular physical activity. Talk to your doctor about ways to reduce your risk of developing leukemia.