Invasive Meningococcal Infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135

Invasive Meningococcal Infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W-135

Invasive Meningococcal Infection (IMI) is a serious and potentially life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. The disease can cause meningitis, a bacterial infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord, as well as sepsis, a systemic infection of the bloodstream. Neisseria meningitidis is divided into 12 different serogroups, each of which carries its own risk of causing IMI. One of the most virulent and deadly serogroups is Serogroup W-135, which has been responsible for numerous epidemics throughout the world.

Serogroup W-135 is particularly troublesome due to its ability to rapidly spread to large numbers of people, as was seen in the 2000-2001 epidemic in Saudi Arabia in which over 2000 cases and 200 fatalities occurred. The disease is especially dangerous for children, as it is more difficult for young immune systems to fight off bacterial infections. The disease is thought to spread through contact with mucosal secretions, such as saliva and nasal fluid, often from close contact, such as touching or kissing. Other risk factors for infection include living in crowded spaces, such as refugee camps, or traveling to areas where the disease is present.

IMI caused by Serogroup W-135 can be treated with antibiotics, such as penicillin or an oral third-generation cephalosporin. Vaccines are also available to protect against infection with Serogroup W-135, and it is recommended that all people travelling to areas where outbreaks have occurred should receive the vaccine. However, as the disease is still rapidly spreading in many parts of the world, it is important for people to practice good hygiene, such as regularly washing their hands, to reduce the risk of becoming infected.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms of IMI caused by Serogroup W-135 may appear within a few hours or days of contact with an infected individual. Symptoms may include fever, headache, stiff neck, rash, confusion, vomiting, and nausea. Other signs of infection may include difficulty breathing, seizures, and unconsciousness. If left untreated, IMI caused by Serogroup W-135 can be fatal.

Prevention

In order to prevent IMI caused by Serogroup W-135, it is important to practice proper hygiene. Wash hands often with soap and water, and avoid touching eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands. It is also important to avoid close contact with individuals who are sick, and to avoid sharing eating/drinking utensils or toothbrushes with others. Vaccines are also available to protect against infection with Serogroup W-135 and it is recommended that all travelers to areas where outbreaks have occurred should receive the vaccine.

Conclusion

Invasive Meningococcal Infection (IMI) caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 is a serious and potentially life-threatening illness, and it is important to be aware of the risks of becoming infected. Prevention measures such as regularly washing hands and avoiding close contact with individuals who are sick can help to reduce the risk of infection. Vaccines are also available to protect against infection with Serogroup W-135.