Visceral Leishmaniasis
What is Visceral Leishmaniasis?
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as Kala-azar is a potentially life-threatening tropical disease. It is caused by a parasite that is spread by the bite of certain types of sandflies. VL is an important cause of death and disability in many developing countries. It is one of the most severe poverty-related neglected diseases and can lead to an array of complications if left untreated.
How does Visceral Leishmaniasis Spread?
The Leishmania parasite is transmitted by sandflies. When a sandfly takes a blood meal, it injects the Leishmania protozoan, which has been present in its saliva, into the blood stream of the human host. Once inside, the Leishmania parasite enters the cells of the immune system and replicates. The parasite then spreads through the body, causing the Visceral Leishmaniasis.
Symptoms of Visceral Leishmaniasis
The symptoms of Visceral Leishmaniasis include fever, weight loss, anemia, enlarged liver and/or spleen, and darkening of the skin. In later stages, it can lead to jaundice, seizures, and even death.
Complications of Visceral Leishmaniasis
If Visceral Leishmaniasis is left untreated, it can lead to a range of complications, including:
- Anemia
- Liver failure
- Kidney failure
- Respiratory failure
- Cardiac failure
- Skin problems
- Diarrhea
- Weight loss
Treatment Options for Visceral Leishmaniasis
Most cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis can be easily treated with a few months of antimonial drug therapy. However, drug-resistant cases may require more complex treatments such as intravenous amphotericin.
In addition, supportive care is essential for treating the complications of VL and managing symptoms such as pain and fever. This may include medications such as paracetamol and ibuprofen, as well as nutritional supplements. In some cases, surgery may be necessary in order to remove any damaged or diseased organs.