Inflammatory lesions of granuloma annulare
Granuloma Annulare- Inflammatory Lesions
Granuloma annulare (GA) is a cutaneous disorder characterised by eruptions of inflammatory lesions (papules) arranged in a pattern resembling a circle or ring. It is most common amongst young adults and children, and is usually found on the feet, legs, arms, hands and trunk.
The exact cause of this condition is unknown, however some evidence suggests that it may result from an inflammatory response due to an autoimmune disorder. It is believed that the body forms an antibody against a certain molecule or antigen found in the tissue of the surrounding skin, triggering an inflammatory reaction.
The condition is usually self-limiting and resolves without treatment. However, it often recurs and can remain for months or even years. Treatment is undertaken to reduce the appearance and discomfort of the lesion.
Types Of Granuloma Annulare
- Subcutaneous granuloma annulare
- Localised granuloma annulare
- Generalised granuloma annulare
- Fascicular granuloma annulare
- Perforating granuloma annulare
- Papillary granuloma annulare
- Necrobiotic granuloma annulare
Symptoms Of Granuloma Annulare
Common symptoms of granuloma annulare include:
- Inflammation in the form of ring-shaped lesions which are usually painless.
- Reddish-brown lesions which are surrounded by a collar of paler skin.
- Lesions which vary in size ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.
- Itchy, tender or burning lesions.
- Lesions which may be scaly, have pustules or ulcerations.
- Rarely the lesions may become infected or ulcerated.
Causes Of Granuloma Annulare
The exact cause of this condition is still unknown. However, some studies suggest that it may be an autoimmune disorder triggered by an exaggerated response from the body against exposure to an unknown substance or antigens, resulting in an inflammatory reaction.
It is believed that certain factors can increase the risk of developing granuloma annulare, such as certain infections, ultraviolet light exposure, trauma, and certain medications.
Treatment Of Granuloma Annulare
Treatment for granuloma annulare is not always necessary as the condition can resolve on its own in due course. However, it may recur and can take some time before it disappears completely.
Treatment of granuloma annulare can include:
- Topical creams and ointments to reduce inflammation.
- Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and itching.
- Phototherapy with ultraviolet light to reduce inflammation.
- Cryotherapy which uses extreme cold to reduce inflammation.
- Surgery to remove the affected skin.