Enterocolitis
What is Enterocolitis?
Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the small intestine and colon. It is typically caused by a bacterial or viral infection, but can also be caused by an autoimmune disorder or irritable bowel syndrome. Symptoms of enterocolitis include abdominal cramping, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and blood in the stool. Depending on the underlying cause, treatment may involve antibiotics, antidiarrheal medications, or even surgery.
Symptoms of Enterocolitis
The common symptom of enterocolitis is abdominal pain, which can range from mild to severe. Other symptoms include:
- Diarrhea
- Nausea/vomiting
- Fever
- Bloody stool
- Mucus in the stool
- Weight loss
Causes of Enterocolitis
Enterocolitis can be caused by a number of conditions, including:
- Bacterial or viral infections
- Ischemic colitis (a condition that causes reduced blood flow to the intestine)
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Crohn's disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Radiation exposure
- Drug use or abuse
Diagnosis of Enterocolitis
To diagnose enterocolitis, the doctor will perform a physical exam and take a detailed medical history. Blood and stool tests may be ordered to look for evidence of infection. Imaging tests, such as x-rays or an abdominal ultrasound, may be used to further evaluate the intestines. Endoscopic procedures, such as a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, may be used to examine the interior of the intestines and take biopsy samples for further testing.
Treatment of Enterocolitis
The main goal of treatment for enterocolitis is to relieve symptoms and clear up any underlying cause. Treatment options may include:
- Antibiotics to treat bacterial infection
- Antidiarrheal medications to help control diarrhea
- Fluids to replace lost fluids and electrolytes
- Surgery to remove damaged portions of the intestine (rarely needed)
It is important to talk to the doctor before taking any medications or supplements, as they could interact with other medications or make the condition worse.