Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU)
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) is an unpredictable and very itchy skin condition affecting around 1 in 5,000 people. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of localized swelling and inflammation of your skin, typically lasting for more than 6 weeks. CSU can persist for years and can be very uncomfortable. The most common symptoms of CSU include hives, red patches, and welts on the skin, as well as itching, stinging, and burning.
Hives, or urticaria, occur when the body releases histamine, a naturally occurring substance. This release causes your body’s blood vessels to expand, leading to redness, itching and swelling. The hives generally last for a few hours or days, but when occurring chronically, they can last for 6 weeks or more.
Causes of CSU
The exact cause of CSU is unknown, however, there are several factors that may trigger an episode. These include:
- Stress
- Allergies such as food, pollen or animal dander
- Medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen or antibiotics
- Infections, such as colds, flu or gut infections
- Autoimmune diseases
- Heat and cold exposure
Treatment of CSU
Treatment for CSU focuses on managing symptoms and improving the quality of life. It is important to identify and avoid all potential triggers. There are also medications available to help control symptoms and reduce the severity and frequency of flare-ups. These medications may include antihistamines, steroids, and immunosuppressants.
Complications of CSU
CSU can be a very uncomfortable and distressing condition. Most cases of CSU are mild and can be managed with lifestyle changes and medications. However, severe cases can have serious complications. These can include anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction characterized by swelling of the throat, chest tightness and difficulty breathing. Other complications include severe itchiness and skin infections.