Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
What is BPH
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. The prostate is a small gland in the male reproductive system located just below the bladder. BPH is very common among aging men.
Causes of BPH
The exact cause of BPH is unknown but the most likely cause is increasing levels of hormones, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). As men age, the levels of these hormones increase, leading to the growth of the prostate. Other factors that may increase the risk of BPH are obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and a family history of prostate enlargement.
Signs and Symptoms
BPH is usually a slow-growing condition. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Problems with urinating, such as weak or interrupted flow, a sensation of incomplete emptying, frequent urination, or an urgent need to urinate
- Trouble starting to urinate, or difficulty holding back urine once you start
- Inability to empty the bladder completely
- A weak urine stream, or dribbling at the end of urination
- Sudden urge to urinate
- Abdominal pain, back pain, or bone pain
- Inability to control urination, or wetting your pants
- Blood in the urine
Diagnosis and Treatment
BPH is usually diagnosed with a physical exam, along with a urine test and a blood test to measure hormone levels. Your doctor may also order imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, to get a better look at the prostate. Treatment for BPH may include lifestyle changes, medications, and/or surgery.
Lifestyle changes such as avoiding caffeine and alcohol, losing weight if you are overweight, regular exercise, avoiding heavy lifting, and reducing stress may help to reduce symptoms. Medications such as alpha-blockers can help to reduce prostate size and improve symptoms. Surgery is usually reserved for more severe cases.
Prevention
There is no sure way to prevent BPH, but there are some steps that may help. Eating a healthy diet, avoiding heavy lifting, getting regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight may reduce your risk. If you have a family history of BPH, talk to your doctor about screening for prostate enlargement.