Bacterial Sepsis
What is Bacterial Sepsis?
Bacterial sepsis, also referred to as systematic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), is a severe, life-threatening illness caused by an overwhelming immune response to infection, which if left untreated, can lead to multiple organ failure and death. It is one of the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients in the United States, and is characterized by high fever, chills, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension.
Causes of Bacterial Sepsis
Bacterial sepsis is caused by an invasion of bacteria into the bloodstream. This can occur due to a wound or infection, such as a postoperative infection or a urinary tract infection. Other causes include intraabdominal abscesses, endocarditis (infection of the heart valves), and pneumonia.
Signs and Symptoms of Bacterial Sepsis
The signs and symptoms of bacterial sepsis can be severe and may include:
- High fever
- Chills
- Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
- Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Confusion or altered mental status
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Weakness
Diagnosis of Bacterial Sepsis
In order to diagnose bacterial sepsis, a doctor will conduct a physical examination and order laboratory tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC). Other tests may include a urinalysis, chest x-ray, CT scan, or lumbar puncture. The doctor may also order a culture of blood, urine, or spinal fluid to confirm the presence of infection.
Treatment of Bacterial Sepsis
Bacterial sepsis is a medical emergency and requires immediate hospitalization and treatment. Treatment typically involves administering intravenous antibiotics to fight the infection and administering fluids, oxygen, and medications to help stabilize the patient's condition. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the source of the infection.