Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter
Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter
Atrial fibrillation, or A-fib, is a heart condition that causes the heart to beat in an irregular, rapid manner. It is the most common type of arrhythmia, or heart rhythm disorder. It can lead to a variety of symptoms, many serious health conditions, and even death.
Signs and Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation
Some of the most common signs and symptoms of atrial fibrillation include:
- Palpitations or skipped heartbeats
- Chest discomfort or pain
- Shortness of breath
- Lightheadedness or an episode of feeling faint
Causes of Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter
Atrial fibrillation can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Underlying heart disease
- High blood pressure
- Coronary artery disease
- Cardiomyopathy (a heart muscle disorder)
- Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
- Abnormalities in the heart’s electrical system
- Excessive alcohol and substance abuse
- Excessive caffeine intake
- Thyroid disease
- Exposure to certain medications and/or toxins
- Certain gene mutations (inherited from a parent)
- Inflammation around the heart
- A family history of atrial fibrillation
- Anemia (low red blood cell count)
Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter
Atrial fibrillation can be diagnosed with a variety of tests, including an electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor, stress test, and/or echocardiogram. Depending on the results of these tests, additional tests may be recommended, such as a transesophageal echocardiogram, cardiac CT scan, or cardiac MRI.
Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter
Treatment of atrial fibrillation often depends on the individual’s symptoms and the severity of the condition. Common treatments include lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery or ablation of the abnormal heart tissue. Medications to treat atrial fibrillation may include anticoagulant medications, beta-blocker medications, and/or calcium channel blockers.