Advanced Melanoma
What is Advanced Melanoma?
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer and is caused by the uncontrolled growth of pigmented cells called melanocytes. Advanced melanoma is an advanced form of the disease that has spread from its original site in the skin to the lymph nodes or other organs. Advanced melanoma is also referred to as Stage III (regional metastasis) and Stage IV (distant metastasis) melanoma. People who are diagnosed with advanced melanoma have a higher risk of developing metastatic disease and more aggressive treatments are needed to manage the cancer.
What Causes Advanced Melanoma?
The cause of advanced melanoma is not fully understood, but exposure to natural sunlight or artificial sources of UV light can increase the risk of developing the disease. Over exposure to these sources of light can trigger genetic changes in melanocytes which can cause the cells to grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to the development of melanoma.
Risk Factors for Advanced Melanoma
Various factors have been associated with an increased risk of developing advanced melanoma, including:
- Having fair skin, blonde or red hair and blue or green eyes
- Having a family history of melanoma
- Having numerous moles or atypical moles
- Having a history of sunburns or other skin damage caused by UV radiation
- Having a weakened immune system
Signs and Symptoms of Advanced Melanoma
The signs and symptoms associated with advanced melanoma vary depending on the location and size of the tumor and the part of the body affected. Common symptoms of advanced melanoma may include:
- A large, darkly pigmented or multicolored mole
- Itching, bleeding or pain in the area of the mole
- Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
- Enlarged lymph nodes
- A lump or swelling in the area of the skin affected by the mole
Diagnosis and Treatment of Advanced Melanoma
Advanced melanoma is usually diagnosed with a biopsy and imaging tests such as an MRI, CT scan or PET scan to determine the extent of the tumor. Treatment for advanced melanoma usually includes surgery, radiation, chemotherapy or targeted drug therapy. Surgery may involve the removal of affected lymph nodes or the removal of the tumor itself. Radiation and chemotherapy can help to shrink the tumor and may be used in combination with surgery or as a first line of treatment. Targeted drug therapy works by targeting molecular pathways that influence tumor growth, and can be used in combination with other treatments or as a first-line therapy.
Living With Advanced Melanoma
Living with advanced melanoma can be challenging, both emotionally and physically. It is important to maintain a positive outlook and to take care of oneself. Eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, exercising regularly, and getting adequate rest can help to manage the physical and emotional symptoms of advanced melanoma. Finding a support group or connecting with others who have similar experiences can also be helpful in dealing with advanced melanoma.