Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Caused by Susceptible Bacteria
Acute exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are flare-ups of chronic symptoms that often result from bacterial infection. COPD is a chronic lung condition that makes it difficult to breath due to persistent inflammation of the airways and lungs. It is a common, but serious and life-threatening condition. When COPD exacerbations occur, symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, and mucous production are worsened. It is important to recognize a COPD exacerbation as soon as possible in order to begin early treatment.
Common causes of a COPD exacerbation include:
- Inhaling irritants such as tobacco smoke or vehicle exhaust
- Inhaling allergens such as pollens
- Bacterial or viral infections
Of these causes, bacterial infection is the most common. Researchers have identified the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae as the primary cause of exacerbations in COPD patients. This bacteria is present in many individuals and can be aerosolized, meaning it can travel through the air and be inhaled. Inhalation of the bacteria can lead to a COPD exacerbation.
Other susceptible bacteria include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Legionella pneumophila, and Staphylococcusaureus. These bacteria can be found in the environment or come from other sources, such as contacts with people who have contracted an infection. Inhaling aerosolized bacteria can lead to inflammation in the airways, causing a flare-up of COPD symptoms.
Due to the potential for serious complications, it is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of a COPD exacerbation and seek treatment right away. Your doctor can help you develop a plan to reduce your risk of an exacerbation. This may include quitting smoking, avoiding irritants, getting vaccinated against respiratory illness, and adhering to your treatment plan, such as taking medications or using oxygen therapy.