Perinatal group B streptococcus

What is Perinatal Group B Strep (GBS) ?

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a type of bacteria that is found in the mouth and vagina of 10%-20% of healthy women of reproductive age. It is normally present without causing any symptoms. Prior to 2005, GBS was not routinely screened for during pregnancy; however, if present, it can cause serious illness and even death in newborns.

Risk Factors for GBS Infection

Some risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of GBS infection in newborns include:

• Early-onset of labor before 37 weeks’ gestation
• A previous newborn with a GBS infection
• Maternal fever during labor
• Excessive amniotic fluid
• Prolonged labor
• Membrane rupture 18 or more hours before delivery

Diagnosis and Treatment for GBS Infection in Newborns

GBS infection in newborns is diagnosed through a blood or spinal fluid culture. Treatment for GBS infection involves antibiotics, hospitalization and supportive care, depending on the severity of the infection. Treatment is most effective if started within the first 24 hours of onset.

Preventing GBS Infection in Newborns

Some preventive strategies can decrease the risk of GBS infection in newborns, such as:

• Testing pregnant women for GBS colonization during routine prenatal care at 35-37 weeks’ gestation
• Giving antibiotics Intravenously during labor to women who test positive for GBS
• Delivering the baby via Cesarean section if the mother tests positive for GBS at term

For more information about perinatal GBS, please consult your healthcare provider.