Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a group of symptoms that occur due to decreased blood flow to the heart muscle. ACS is caused by a buildup of plaque in the arteries that supply the heart, called coronary arteries. This buildup narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow to the heart muscle.

Symptoms of ACS include chest pain, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue, and lightheadedness. In some cases, the symptoms can occur suddenly but in most cases they develop over time. As the symptoms progress, the severity of the pain can worsen. If left untreated, the decreased blood flow can lead to a heart attack.

Treatment for ACS typically involves lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, losing weight, and exercising regularly. Medications may also be prescribed to reduce the risk of future heart complications. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the plaque from the arteries, restore blood flow, and prevent further damage to the heart muscle.

Risk factors

Several conditions and lifestyle choices can increase an individual's risk for developing ACS. Risk factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

Age: Individuals over the age of 45 are at a higher risk.
Gender: Men are more likely to develop ACS than women.
Family history: Individuals with a family history of ACS are at an increased risk.
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Diabetes
Smoking
Excessive alcohol consumption
Lack of physical activity
Obesity

Complications

Complications of ACS can include heart attack, heart failure, arrhythmias, and stroke. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if any of the symptoms of ACS are present. Early detection and treatment can reduce the risk of developing any of the possible complications.