Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (ABECB)

Overview of Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (ABECB)

Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (ABECB) is a medical condition in which acute bacterial infection is precipitated by pre-existing, chronic bronchitis. ABECB is a common cause of acute exacerbation and hospital admissions for people with chronic bronchitis. It is a life-threatening condition characterized by an acute onset of worsening symptoms, including coughing, purulent sputum production, increased sputum volume, dyspnea, fever, and malaise. Mortality rates associated with ABECB range from 5-50%.

Risk Factors for ABECB

The risk factors associated with ABECB include:

Advanced age
Smoking
Environmental factors (exposure to dust or pollutants)
Family history of bronchitis
Poor nutrition

Treatment of ABECB

Treatment for ABECB usually involves a combination of antibiotics, bronchodilators, and inhalant steroids. The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation and improve airway narrowing. In more severe cases, supplemental oxygen may be required. Other treatments may include:

Chest physiotherapy
Respiratory muscle training
Mucolytics
Vaccinations
Surgery (bronchial dilatation or lung volume reduction surgery)

Prevention of ABECB

Prevention of ABECB is best accomplished through proper treatment and management of chronic bronchitis. One of the most effective ways to do this is quitting smoking. Additionally, avoiding exposure to environmental pollutants can be beneficial. Additionally, proper nutrition and basic exercise can help support immune system health and reduce the risk of bacterial infections. Immunizations, particularly for the flu, are recommended for those with chronic bronchitis.