Active Ankylosing Spondylitis or Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
What is Active Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) or Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis?
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) are two chronic, progressive, autoimmune inflammatory conditions of the spine. Ankylosing spondylitis is marked by stiffness and pain in the spine, neck and lower back that can lead to deformities, including an early-morning hunched posture. It may also cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and headaches. Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis is a type of AS which is less common than its radiographic counterpart and is characterized mainly by swelling and pain in the low back and neck.
Symptoms of Active Ankylosing Spondylitis or Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
The symptoms of AS/nr-axSpA tend to develop gradually over time and can include:
- Low back pain
- Stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity
- Pain in other areas such as the buttocks, hips, and thighs
- Fatigue
- Inability to fully straighten the back or neck
- Tender or swollen joints in the body, such as in the shoulders, wrists, knees, and ankles
- Reduced flexibility in certain areas
- Inflammation that can cause a fever, headaches, and eye pain
Diagnosis of Active Ankylosing Spondylitis or Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
The diagnosis of AS/nr-axSpA requires a combination of clinical assessment and imaging tests. Your doctor will ask questions to help identify any signs of AS/nr-axSpA and assess your medical history. Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans may be ordered to rule out other potential causes, as well as to identify any bone or joint changes that indicate AS or nr-axSpA.
Treatment of Active Ankylosing Spondylitis or Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
The treatment of AS/nr-axSpA can vary from person to person and will depend on individual severity. Treatment options include medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to reduce inflammation and manage pain. Physical therapy may be recommended to improve posture and increase flexibility. Lifestyle changes, such as getting adequate rest and exercise, may be recommended to help minimize the effect of the condition.