Spondyloarthropathies
What Are Spondyloarthropathies?
Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) are a group of chronic inflammatory diseases that primarily affect the axial skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the bones of the spine, hips, and shoulders. Spondyloarthropathies can also impact the peripheral joints, eyes, skin, and/or intestines.
The most common type of SpA is ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Other less common types of SpA include psoriatic arthritis (PsA), reactive arthritis, undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy, enteropathic arthritis, and juvenile spondyloarthropathy.
Symptoms of Spondyloarthropathies
Ebedeing pain and stiffnes in the spine are the most common symptoms of SpA. Other signs and symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Low-grade fever
- Uveitis (inflammation of the part of the eye that is designed to filter ultraviolet light)
- Inflammation of the iris, the colored part of the eye
- Joint stiffness and swelling
- Irritability
- Abnormal joint and spine movement
- Malaise
- Weight loss
Causes of Spondyloarthropathies
The cause of SpA is unknown, though it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder. An autoimmune disorder is a medical condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the healthy cells, tissues, and/or organs.
It is also believed that genetics play a role in the development of SpA. People who have family members with SpA are at an increased risk of developing the disorder.
Complications Of Spondyloarthropathies
People with SpA are at an increased risk of developing heart problems, including endocarditis, which is an infection of the inner lining of the heart. Additionally, people with SpA face an increased risk of developing joint damage and deformities in the spine.
People with SpA may also be at an increased risk of developing eye complications such as uveitis. Uveitis is an autoimmune disorder that can cause severe eye pain, vision changes, light sensitivity, and blurred vision.
Treatment of Spondyloarthropathies
Treatment for SpA focuses on relieving symptoms and slowing joint damage. Treatment options include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
- Corticosteroids
- Physical therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Heat and cold therapy
- Joint protection techniques
- Assistive devices
- Surgery