Rectal biopsy
What is a Rectal Biopsy?
A rectal biopsy is a medical procedure in which a sample of tissue is taken from the rectum for laboratory testing. A rectal biopsy is also referred to as a proctoscopic biopsy. This type of biopsy is typically done in order to diagnose diseases and conditions that may affect the rectum, such as inflammation, cancer, and ulcerative colitis.
Preparation for a Rectal Biopsy
Your doctor will provide you with information about how to prepare for a rectal biopsy. Generally, you will need to clean your rectum with a solution prescribed by your doctor shortly before the procedure. This preparation will help to reduce the risk of infection. You may also need to change your diet so that your bowel movements will be soft and comfortable during the procedure.
Rectal Biopsy Procedure
- Your doctor will insert a lighted, flexible tube (sigmoidoscope) into your rectum.
- Your doctor may give you anesthesia to make the procedure more comfortable.
- Your doctor may use special instruments to take a sample of tissue.
- The sample will then be sent to a lab for testing.
Types of Rectal Biopsy
- Endoscopic biopsy: This is the most common type of rectal biopsy. An endoscope is inserted into your rectum and a special tool is used to take a sample of the rectal tissue.
- Open biopsy: During this procedure, an incision is made in the rectum and a piece of rectal tissue is removed.
- Biopsy of the lining of the rectum (rectal mucosa): This type of biopsy is used to diagnose inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis.
- Biopsy of the rectal wall: This type of biopsy is used to diagnose malignant tumors of the rectum.
Risks and Complications of Rectal Biopsy
Risks associated with a rectal biopsy include bleeding, infection, and a reaction to anesthesia. Your doctor will discuss the risks and complications associated with the procedure with you before it is performed.
Why is a Rectal Biopsy Performed?
A rectal biopsy is performed to diagnose diseases and conditions that affect the rectum, such as inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, and cancer. It is also used to evaluate changes in the rectal wall and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.
When is a Rectal Biopsy Performed?
Your doctor may order a rectal biopsy if you have symptoms of rectal diseases or disorders, such as rectal bleeding, pain, or changes in bowel habits. Your doctor may also order a rectal biopsy if you have a family history of rectal cancers or polyps.