Trachoma

What is Trachoma?

Trachoma is a bacterial eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. The infection, which is highly contagious, can cause scarring to the inner eyelids. This can eventually lead to the eyelashes turning inwards and the lashes scrape against the eye, resulting in pain, inflammation, and vision loss. Trachoma is found primarily in areas that have inadequate access to clean water, improved sanitation, and appropriate hygiene materials. It is estimated to be the cause of blindness or visual impairment in 1.9 million people globally.

Signs and Symptoms of Trachoma

Early signs of trachoma can include redness in the eye, irritation and a feeling of something in the eye. If an infection is left untreated, it can cause eyelashes to turn inwards and cause scarring of the inner eyelids. In its most advanced stages, it can cause the eyelids to become thick and narrowed, causing a condition known as trachomatous trichiasis (TT). This can lead to irreversible vision loss.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Trachoma

Trachoma is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam that looks for signs of the infection including inflammation, scarring and in-turned eyelashes. If trachoma is diagnosed, treatment usually includes antibiotics (usually azithromycin) to clear the infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the SAFE strategy to combat trachoma, which includes:

  • S – Surgery to correct inverted eyelashes.
  • A–Antibiotic treatment for infection.
  • F – Facial cleanliness and improved hygiene.
  • E – Environmental improvement such as access to clean water and improved sanitation.

Prevention of Trachoma

The best way to prevent trachoma is to maintain good hygiene and proper sanitation. This includes regular and thorough hand washing, regular bathing and wearing clean clothing. It is also important to regularly clean any face and eye makeup, as the bacteria can survive on makeup brushes or sponges. Water access and improved sanitation are also key to the prevention of trachoma.

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