Temporal Arteritis
Temporal Arteritis (Giant Cell Arteritis)
Temporal arteritis, also known as giant cell arteritis, is a rheumatic condition causing inflammation of the lined wall of large arteries, mainly those in the neck, head and arms. Symptoms such as recurrent headaches, jaw pain, confusion, fever, and vision loss can occur. The primary symptom is usually a headache above and around the temples.
Temporal arteritis is caused by an abnormal inflammation of a person’s arteries. This inflammation can cause the arteries to become fragile and cause permanent damage if not treated quickly. The exact cause of temporal arteritis is still unknown, however the condition appears to be linked to an autoimmune disorder, where the body’s own immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissue.
Early diagnosis and treatment of temporal arteritis can help prevent permanent damage and serious complication. Treatment usually involves taking high doses of corticosteroids, such as prednisone, for initial symptoms. Afterward, lower doses of the same medications are prescribed for long-term management of the condition.
Diagnosing Temporal Arteritis
A diagnosis of temporal arteritis is usually made based on the presence of symptoms, physical exam and a biopsy of an affected artery. Biopsy of the artery wall will show signs of inflammation and confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of Temporal Arteritis
Once temporal arteritis is diagnosed, prompt treatment with high doses of corticosteroids, such as prednisone, is the most commonly used treatment. Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation and can protect against damage to the arteries. Treatment may also involve taking medications to reduce the risk of stroke, such as aspirin and other antiplatelet medications.
Living with Temporal Arteritis
Living with temporal arteritis can be challenging, but adhering to the recommended treatments and lifestyle changes can improve the quality of life. Some important considerations include:
- Taking medications as prescribed
- Quitting smoking and/or avoiding secondhand smoke
- Exercising regularly under doctor’s supervision
- Eating a healthy diet
- Getting enough rest and relaxation