Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS)

What is Short Bowel Syndrome?

Short Bowel Syndrome, also known as SBS, is a condition that results from an inability to absorb nutrients from food efficiently. It occurs when parts of the small intestine, one of the two main organs involved in digestion, are absent, damaged, or otherwise unable to function properly. As a result, essential nutrients, such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, are not properly broken down and absorbed. This can lead to nutrient deficiencies, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances, and put the patient at risk for other complications.

Symptoms and Causes of SBS

The primary symptom of SBS is malabsorption. This is caused by an inadequate amount of intestinal tissue to absorb nutrients from food. Symptoms of malabsorption can include:

• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Weight loss
• Weakness
• Fatigue

SBS can be caused by either an acquired disorder or a congenital disorder. Acquired SBS is typically the result of diseases or conditions that irritate and damage the small intestine, such as Crohn’s disease and celiac disease. Congenital SBS is a rare condition in which the small intestine is absent or inadequately developed from birth.

Diagnosis and Treatment of SBS

SBS is diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, laboratory tests, and imaging tests. Treatment typically involves working with a nutritionist to develop a diet plan that meets the patient’s specific nutritional needs. Patients may also need nutritional support with intravenous infusions or tube feedings. Other treatments may involve medications to treat diarrhea and underlying conditions that are causing SBS. In some cases, a part of the small intestine may need to be surgically removed.