Shigella

What Is Shigella?

Shigella is a genus of bacteria which can cause severe food poisoning known as shigellosis. The bacteria are easily spread through contact with contaminated stool or food, and can live on food surfaces and in water for up to two weeks. People who are infected will develop severe abdominal pains and diarrhea which can contain visible amounts of blood, and if left untreated the infection can become life-threatening.

Symptoms of Shigella infections

Shigella infections can cause abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea which can contain mucus and sometimes, even visible amounts of blood. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance can occur and be serious, especially in young children and the elderly. Symptoms can last from four to seven days and can be treated with antibiotics.

Prevention

The main way to prevent Shigella from spreading is to practice good hygiene and handwashing. This includes washing hands with soap and water after using the bathroom, changing diapers, and before preparing meals. Food and water should be properly cooked and stored at safe temperatures and food surfaces should be washed well between uses. Other ways to prevent the spread of Shigella include:

• Avoid touching surfaces which may be contaminated with the bacteria
• Cook all food to a safe temperature of 75°C or above
• Do not share personal items such as towels or toothbrushes
• Avoid eating any food which may have been contaminated with Shigella
• Cover your nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing
• Avoid swimming or wading in natural or man-made water sources