Severe Malaria
Severe Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by a parasite. It is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, affecting 3.2 billion people in more than 100 countries. Severe malaria is a life-threatening form of malaria, caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and is a leading cause of death in many developing countries.
Severe malaria is characterized by high fever, shaking chills, anemia, jaundice, dehydration, cough, confusion, unconsciousness, and in some cases, organ failure. It is most often seen in infants and young children, who are particularly vulnerable to the disease. Severe malaria can be treated effectively if diagnosed early, though even with early diagnosis and treatment, it still causes hundreds of thousands of deaths each year.
There are several risk factors for developing severe malaria, including age, geographic location, level of parasite exposure, certain genetic factors, and co-infection with other diseases. In addition, weak or absent immunity to the disease, inadequate access to medical care, and delays in diagnosis and treatment can increase the likelihood of severe malaria.
Symptoms of Severe Malaria
The symptoms of severe malaria vary depending on the age and health of the patient. Symptoms can include:
- High fever
- Excessive sweating
- Headache
- Severe and persistent vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Extreme tiredness (lethargy)
- Confusion or delirium
- Seizures
- Coma
In addition, severe malaria can cause anemia, low blood sugar, jaundice, abnormal heart rhythms, and even death.
Treatment of Severe Malaria
Severe malaria is treated with intravenous antimalarial drugs such as artemisinin derivatives or quinine. Patients are typically hospitalized and closely monitored for organ failure or other complications. In addition to antimalarial drugs, supportive care, such as blood transfusions, kidney dialysis, and oxygen, may be necessary to save the life of someone with severe malaria.
It is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible if malaria is suspected. While malaria can usually be easily treated, it can become life-threatening if not treated quickly and effectively.