Secondary Syphilis
What is Secondary Syphilis?
Secondary syphilis is the stage of syphilis caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is the second stage of the four-stage syphilis infection cycle and symptoms usually appear about six weeks after the first infection. Symptoms can include a rash, mucous patches, fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and hair loss. In some cases, secondary syphilis can cause vision loss, paralysis, heart and organ damage, as well as dementia.
Signs and Symptoms of Secondary Syphilis
Secondary syphilis is characterized by recurring episodes of a mild, generalized rash accompanied by other symptoms, such as fever, body aches, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or loss of appetite. The rash typically appears on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet, as well as on other parts of the body including the chest, arms, legs, and face. Other common symptoms include sore throat, hair loss, white or grayish-white patches inside the mouth or on the tongue, and vision or hearing problems.
Complications of Secondary Syphilis
Secondary syphilis can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Complications can include:
- Organ damage
- Brain and nerve damage
- Bone and joint deformities
- Heart problems
- Loss of vision or hearing
- Paralysis
- Death
Diagnosis of Secondary Syphilis
Diagnosis of secondary syphilis is typically confirmed with a blood test or urine test. The test will look for antibodies to the bacteria that cause syphilis. Secondary syphilis can also be diagnosed with a physical exam to check for symptoms of the infection, such as rashes, mucous patches, and lesions.
Treatment of Secondary Syphilis
Secondary syphilis is treated with antibiotics, which can be taken orally or administered through a vein. The type of antibiotic used to treat the infection will depend on the severity of the infection and how far it has progressed. Common antibiotics used for treating secondary syphilis include doxycycline, penicillin, and ceftriaxone. If left untreated, secondary syphilis can be fatal.
Prevention of Secondary Syphilis
The best way to prevent the occurrence of secondary syphilis is to take steps to prevent the initial infection. This includes practicing safer sex (e.g., using condoms) and getting tested for syphilis regularly. Vaccines and other preventative measures are not currently available.