Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable disease of the central nervous system that affects more than two million people worldwide. There are many types of MS, including relapsing forms which are characterized by flare-ups or attacks of neurological symptoms such as vision problems, sensations of tingling or numbness, muscle weakness, and difficulty with coordination and balance. These relapses typically last for a few days to weeks and can lead to new or worsening of existing symptoms.

The relapsing forms of MS are typically diagnosed after episodes of new or worsening symptoms. An MRI might be used to confirm a diagnosis. Common laboratory tests might be done to help rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

Treatment for relapsing forms of MS often begins with medications that reduce inflammation in the central nervous system and slow the progression of the disease. These medications can reduce the frequency and severity of relapses and slow or prevent the development of disability. Other treatments may be necessary to manage specific MS symptoms such as medications for spasticity, fatigue, bladder control issues, and depression. Rehabilitation therapies such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy may also be necessary to maximize functionality and quality of life.

Treatment Options for Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis

The main goal of treatment is to reduce the frequency and severity of relapses and reduce the impact of physical and psychological symptoms. Treatment options include:

Disease-modifying medications: These medications reduce the frequency and severity of relapses as well as slow or prevent the development of disability. Common medications include interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, fingolimod, natalizumab, and mitoxantrone.
Corticosteroids: These medications help to reduce inflammation in the central nervous system. Common steroid medications used in MS include prednisone, methylprednisolone, and dexamethasone.
Plasma exchange: This procedure is used to remove excessive amounts of antibodies from the blood which can cause MS attacks. It can be used to treat severe exacerbations of the disease.
Rehabilitation therapies: Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy might be necessary to maximize functionality and quality of life in people with MS.

Relapsing forms of MS can be unpredictable and difficult to treat, but with the right combination of medications and rehabilitation therapies, many people with MS can lead fulfilling and active lives.