Pneumococcal Infection
Pneumococcal Infection
Pneumococcal infection is an acute respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Common symptoms of the infection include fever, chills, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. It is the leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, and other types of severe middle ear and sinus infections in children.
Pneumococcal infections are spread through contact with droplets exhaled by an infected person. It can also spread through contact with objects, such as toys or clothing, that an infected person has touched. People at particular risk for pneumococcal infections include the elderly, infants, and people with weakened immune systems. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent pneumococcal infections.
Signs and Symptoms of Pneumococcal Infection
The signs and symptoms associated with pneumococcal infection include:
- Fever
- Chills
- Cough
- Chest pain
- Fast breathing
- Difficulty breathing
- Vomiting
- Confusion
- Headache
- Body aches
In severe cases, the infection can lead to sepsis and death. Symptoms of sepsis include rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing, low blood pressure, and temperature instability.
Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Infection
To diagnose a pneumococcal infection, doctors will often conduct a physical exam and take a medical history. They may also order a chest X-ray or other imaging tests to look for signs of infection in the lungs. If doctors suspect meningitis or blood infection, they may also order a lumbar puncture to isolate or identify the bacterium.
Treatment for Pneumococcal Infection
Treatment for pneumococcal infection usually involves antibiotic therapy. If the infection is severe or has spread to the bloodstream or other organs, hospitalization may be necessary. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or to drain abscesses or fluid collections.
Prevention of Pneumococcal Infection
The best way to prevent pneumococcal infection is to get vaccinated. Vaccines are available for children, adolescents, and adults over 50. People with certain underlying medical conditions may also be eligible for the vaccine.
In addition to getting vaccinated, people should take other precautions to prevent the spread of pneumococcal infection, such as washing their hands often and avoiding contact with people who are ill.