Pigmentation of the skin

What is Pigmentation of the Skin?

Pigmentation of the skin, also referred to as hyperpigmentation, is when certain areas of the skin become darker than the rest due to an excess of melanin production. Melanin is the pigment of the skin, hair and eyes that gives each person their own unique coloring, and the amount each person has is determined by genetics. When there is an overproduction of melanin, it can create patches of discoloration that over time can become more noticeable or permanent.

Causes of Pigmentation of the Skin

There are many contributing factors that can cause pigmentation of the skin, including:

• Hormone fluctuations, such as during pregnancy or menopause.
• Sun exposure without proper protection.
• Genetics or heredity.
• Skin damage from physical trauma or inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis.
• Chemical peels, lasers, waxing and other skin treatments.
• Use of certain medications, such as antibiotics or birth control pills.

Treating Pigmentation of the Skin

Hyperpigmentation can present in different forms — from small, localized areas to large, wide-spread patches — and can affect any area of the body. Treatment will depend on the type of pigmentation present, and your doctor or dermatologist may suggest a combination of treatments for best results.

Treatments for hyperpigmentation of the skin may include:

• Topical creams with active ingredients such as hydroquinone, kojic acid or azelaic acid, which help reduce the production of melanin.
• Retinoids, which help normalize cell turnover and reduce discoloration.
• Chemical peels or laser treatments to reduce the appearance of dark spots.
• Oral medications such as antibiotics or other acne treatments.
• Sunscreen and other sun protection measures.

The best way to prevent the formation of pigmentation of the skin is to protect your skin from the sun with proper SPF and limiting your time in the sun.