Phototoxicity reaction
An Overview of Phototoxicity Reaction
Phototoxicity reaction is an abnormal skin response that occurs when a person is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation or certain chemicals. This type of reaction, which is also known as photodermatitis, produces a variety of symptoms like redness, swelling, and blistering on skin, typically within a few hours of UV or chemical exposure.
Some people may be more prone to phototoxicity than others due to pre-existing conditions such as fair skin, allergies, or existing skin damage. It can also be caused by taking certain medications and topical medications, as well as ingesting certain foods and drugs.
Signs and Symptoms of Phototoxicity
The most common signs of phototoxicity are:
- Redness and itchy skin.
- A burning, stinging, or prickling sensation on the skin.
- Swelling and tenderness.
- Pain, soreness, and blistering.
- Rash and hives.
In some cases, the reaction can be serious. Severe phototoxicity can cause long-term skin damage, including inflammation, hyperpigmentation, and scarring, or it can even lead to skin cancer.
Treatment for Phototoxicity
Treatment for phototoxicity depends on the severity of the reaction. Mild reactions usually resolve on their own after several days, although there are some steps one can take to reduce inflammation and discomfort. These include:
- Applying cool compresses to the affected skin.
- Taking an antihistamine (over-the-counter or prescribed).
- Using over-the-counter creams or gels that contain menthol, aloe vera, or hydrocortisone.
- Soaking in a cool bath with colloidal oatmeal.
More severe reactions may require a doctor’s care and may require prescription medications such as topical steroids or antibiotics. It is also important to avoid further exposure to the UV radiation or chemical that caused the reaction.
Preventing Phototoxicity
The best way to avoid phototoxicity is to limit your exposure to UV radiation or the offending chemical. This can be done by wearing sunscreen when outdoors, avoiding excessive exposure to the sun, and avoiding certain medications and chemicals that can cause phototoxicity.