Blood differential test
Introduction to Blood Differential Test
The Blood Differential Test is a laboratory test that helps to evaluate and diagnose various blood disorders. It measures the percentage of each of the three types of blood cells – red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, and can provide information on how these different types of cells are behaving and what might be causing a problem.
What is a Blood Differential?
A blood differential test, also known as a complete blood count (CBC) with differential, is a laboratory test that measures the numbers and types of cells found in your blood. Specifically, the test measures the number and proportion of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and red and white blood cells in your sample.
What is the difference between a complete blood count (CBC) and a complete blood count with differential?
A complete blood count (CBC) is a count of the number of each type of white blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet in a sample of your blood. A complete blood count with differential adds information about the types of white blood cells to the CBC. The CBC numbers usually indicate whether a patient has an abnormal number of white or red blood cells that may be associated with some disease. A complete blood count with differential can tell which of the types of white blood cells are involved.
Preparation
This test requires no special preparation.
Procedure
A blood sample is taken from a vein in the arm and sent to a laboratory. The lab technicians then measure the numbers and types of blood cells by looking at the sample under a microscope. They record the results, which are sent to the doctor.
Types of Blood Cells
There are three major types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells (also called erythrocytes) are responsible for transporting oxygen around the body. White blood cells (leukocytes) are produced by the immune system and help to fight infection. Platelets (also called thrombocytes) are responsible for clotting, helping to stop you from bleeding when you cut yourself.
Risks
Getting a blood sample is generally a safe procedure, but there is a small chance of experiencing a few side effects. These may include bruising, swelling, or pain at the injection site. If these symptoms persist, contact your doctor for advice and treatment.
Why is a Blood Differential Test Ordered?
The blood differential test helps to evaluate and diagnose various blood disorders. It can provide information on how the different types of cells in the body are behaving and can help identify underlying problems such as infections, anemia, or leukemia. The test is often ordered when a person has symptoms of a blood disorder or infection.
When is a Blood Differential Test Performed?
The blood differential test can be performed at any time, depending on the doctor’s instructions. It is often done when a person has symptoms of a blood disorder or infection. The test may also be done as part of a routine medical exam.
What is the Normal Range for a Blood Differential Test?
The normal ranges for each type of blood cell in the blood differential test vary slightly, depending on age and gender. Generally, the following ranges are considered normal:
- Red blood cells: 4.0 - 5.5 million per microliter (mcL)
- White blood cells: 4.0 - 11.0 thousand per mcL
- Platelets: 150 - 400 thousand per mcL
- Lymphocytes: 25 - 40% of all white blood cells
- Monocytes: 2 - 9% of all white blood cells
- Neutrophils: 42 - 72% of all white blood cells
- Basophils: 0 - 0.1% of all white blood cells
- Eosinophils: 1 - 6% of all white blood cells
Interpreting the Results
Your doctor or laboratory technician will interpret the results of your blood differential test. Abnormal results may indicate a wide range of diseases and conditions, including infections, anemia, leukemia, and other blood disorders.
Conclusion
The blood differential test provides important information about the types of blood cells in the body. It can help diagnose underlying conditions such as infections, anemia, and leukemia, and is often ordered when a person has symptoms of a blood disorder. The test is safe, with minimal risks, and requires no preparation. Talk to your doctor if you have any questions about the test or the results.