Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Causes and Treatment
Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a condition where the pelvic floor muscles, tendons and ligaments are either too weak or too tight. As a result, the pelvic floor can no longer function effectively. This can lead to many pelvic floor problems such as urinary incontinence, difficulty with bowel movements, pain, and pressure in the lower back, pelvis, vagina, or rectum.
Who is at Risk for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction?
Certain factors can increase the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction. These include:
- Aging
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Chronic cough
- Chronic constipation
- Neurological disorders
- Hormonal changes
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Symptoms
The symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction can vary depending on the underlying cause. Common symptoms include:
- Urinary incontinence
- Urinary urgency and frequency
- Difficulty starting or stopping a stream of urine
- Pain with urination
- Incomplete evacuation of stool
- Fecal incontinence
- Painful sex
- Pain in the lower back
- Pain in the pelvic area
Diagnosing Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
A doctor will often perform a physical examination, take a medical history, and ask the patient about their symptoms. If PFD is suspected, the doctor may order tests such as an ultrasound, an X-ray, or an MRI. The doctor may also order tests to examine the bladder or rectum. Occasionally, the doctor may need to insert a scope to examine the pelvic organs.
Treating Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Pelvic floor dysfunction is often treated with physical therapy to strengthen and stretch the pelvic floor muscles. Physical therapy is often combined with lifestyle changes such as avoiding activities that trigger symptoms, making dietary changes to ease constipation, and reducing stress.
In some cases, medications can be used to treat urinary incontinence or pain. Surgery can also be used, but is usually reserved for only the most severe cases.