What Is ALP Isoenzyme Test?
The ALP isoenzyme test is used to measure concentrations of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood. ALP is an enzyme found in many organs and tissues and is used to break down specific proteins. It is often used as a marker of bone health and liver function.
Preparation
No specific preparation is needed for an ALP isoenzyme test.
Procedure
An ALP isoenzyme test is performed by drawing a sample of blood from a vein in the arm. The blood sample is then analyzed in a laboratory to measure the levels of ALP isoenzyme.
Types of ALP Isoenzyme
There are four main isoenzymes of ALP:
- Intestinal-Type ALP: Found primarily in the small intestines, this isoenzyme is produced by its cells.
- Bone-Type ALP: Found in bone and soft tissues, this isoenzyme is produced by cells in the bone, muscles and other connective tissues.
- Liver-Type ALP: Found in the liver and related organs, this isoenzyme is produced by the cells in these organs.
- Kidney-Type ALP: Found in the kidneys, this isoenzyme is produced by certain cells in the kidneys.
Why Is the ALP Isoenzyme Test Performed?
The ALP isoenzyme test is used to identify the specific type of ALP and determine which organ system is releasing it. This helps doctors diagnose certain conditions related to bone, liver, kidney, and intestinal diseases. Abnormally high levels of ALP in the blood can be due to diseases including hepatitis, cirrhosis, bone cancer, or Paget's disease.
When Is the ALP Isoenzyme Test Ordered?
The ALP isoenzyme test may be ordered when other tests, such as a liver function test or complete blood count, indicate abnormal results. The test may also be used to help diagnose bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
Risks
The ALP isoenzyme test carries very little risk. The most common risk is discomfort from the blood draw. However, blood draws generally cause minimal discomfort and any minor side effects usually disappear quickly.
What Do the Results Mean?
The ALP isoenzyme test measures the concentrations of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase in the blood. The test results will indicate if there is an abnormally high level of ALP in the blood. Abnormal results can be due to certain diseases including hepatitis, cirrhosis, bone cancer, or Paget's disease.