Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction
What is Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction?
Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction (NBD) is a disorder of the stomach or colon caused by nerve damage. During normal functioning, the brain and the nerves send signals to the intestines to help stimulate movement and contractions of muscles. When these nerves don’t work properly, it can cause changes in the way the intestines move stool.
Types of Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction
There are two primary types of NBD:
- End stage NBD – In this type of NBD, the ball and valve mechanism within the intestines, which helps control the passage of stool, no longer works properly. This results in long-term constipation.
- Flexible NBD – In this type of NBD, the intestine is able to pass stool when the correct signals from the brain reach it. This results in constipation or diarrhea.
Causes and Risk Factors
Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction often occurs as a result of a neurological disorder like multiple sclerosis, stroke, brain or spinal cord injury, or an inherited disorder. Other risk factors include diabetes, cancer, or aging.
Symptoms of Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction
The symptoms of Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction can vary depending on the type and cause. The most common symptom is constipation. Other signs and symptoms may include:
- Abdominal pain
- Bloating
- Cramping
- Gas
- Difficulty passing stool
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Urinary incontinence
Treatment for Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction
Treatment for NBD depends on the type and cause. Treatment options may include:
- Diet changes – Increasing fiber and fluid intake and reducing intake of processed foods and refined sugars can help with constipation.
- Medications – Medications such as laxatives, fiber supplements, and antispasmodics can help treat constipation or diarrhea.
- Surgery – In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a blockage or to help the intestines function more effectively.
- Physical therapy – Exercises and stretches that target the abdominal muscles can help strengthen the muscles involved in contracting and pushing stool through the bowels.
- Biofeedback – special devices that allow people to become aware of body functions that are usually not conscious.
Preventing Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction
Avoiding smoking and exercising regularly can help reduce the risk of developing Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction. Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fiber, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding processed and sugary foods can also help reduce the risk.