Malignant Otitis Externa

Malignant Otitis Externa

Malignant Otitis Externa (MOE) is an infection of the external ear canal caused by bacteria or fungi. It is a serious condition that can lead to hearing loss, facial paralysis, brain abscesses and potentially death. The condition appears to be more common in individuals with diabetes and a weakened immune system.

Signs and Symptoms

The most common symptoms include: severe, throbbing earache, drainage from the ear, pain radiating to the side of the face or sometimes even to the neck, tenderness along the side of the face and head, a reduced sense of hearing, ear swelling, scalp and neck swelling.

Causes

MOE is most commonly caused by an aggressive bacterial infection. The most common bacteria is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but other bacteria can cause MOE as well. Fungal infections are sometimes a factor. Risk factors for MOE include diabetes, a weakened immune system, and chronic use of antibiotics.

Treatment

Treatment includes antibiotics, either topical or oral, and sometimes antifungal medications. Surgery may be recommended for cases of severe infection. If left untreated, it can spread to the brain and cause life-threatening complications.

Prevention

The best way to prevent MOE is to keep the ear canal clean and dry, avoid swimming and using Q-tips inside the ear and using an over the counter ear drops. People with diabetes should carefully manage their blood sugar levels and see a doctor regularly.

Complications

Complications of MOE can include hearing loss, facial paralysis, brain abscesses, and even death. Treatment should be sought immediately if any of the symptoms are present.

Conclusion

Malignant Otitis Externa is a serious condition that can lead to devastating complications if left untreated. Prompt medical attention should be sought if any of the symptoms of MOE appear. Prevention should involve keeping the ear canal clean and dry and avoiding swimming and using Q-tips inside the ear.