Microscopic Polyangiitis
Microscopic Polyangiitis Overview
Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of the small blood vessels throughout the body. It mainly affects the respiratory system and kidneys, but can also affect other organs such as eyes, liver, heart, and nervous system. It is also sometimes called polyarteritis with microangiopathy, and is considered a type of vasculitis.
What Are the Symptoms of Microscopic Polyangiitis?
The symptoms vary depending on the organs affected, but can include:
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Muscle and joint pain
- Skin rashes
- Shortness of breath
- Cough
- Abdominal pain and swelling
- Blood in the urine
- Vision problems
- Headaches
What Causes Microscopic Polyangiitis?
The exact cause of MPA is unclear, but it is believed to be caused by an abnormal immune response that causes inflammation in the small blood vessels, leading to damage. It is thought to be triggered by an infection or a drug reaction, but the specific cause is unknown.
How Is Microscopic Polyangiitis Diagnosed?
MPA is usually diagnosed after an extensive physical examination, review of medical history and lab tests. Tests used to diagnose MPA include:
- Blood tests to look for signs of inflammation or evidence of organ damage
- Urine tests to detect protein in the urine, which could indicate kidney damage
- Imaging studies such as a chest x-ray or CT scan to look for evidence of inflammation or organ damage
- Liver function tests to assess liver damage
How Is Microscopic Polyangiitis Treated?
Treatment for MPA depends on the severity of symptoms and the organs affected. Common treatments include:
- Medications to control inflammation, including corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants
- Immunoglobulins or plasmapheresis to treat inflammation
- Plasmapheresis to remove antibodies from the bloodstream
- Surgery to remove damaged organs
- Dialysis for kidney failure