Laryngotracheitis
What is Laryngotracheitis?
Laryngotracheitis (also known as croup) is an infection of the throat and upper windpipe (larynx and trachea). It can occur in adults or children, but it mainly affects toddlers and young children. Croup causes respiratory symptoms including a barking cough, hoarseness, and a high-pitched noise while breathing.
The infection is typically caused by a virus, but can also be caused by bacteria. Symptoms usually start with a cold, followed by difficulty breathing and a loud, high-pitched noise when the child breathes in. Treatment mainly consists of rest, fluids, and medicines to reduce fever and inflammation, as well as medicated inhalation treatments.
In severe cases, hospitalization may be needed to ensure the child's airway is open and breathing.
Signs and Symptoms
- A high-pitched noise when breathing in (a "barking" cough)
- Hoarseness
- Difficulty breathing
- Stridor (a whistling sound) when breathing
- Coughing
- Fever
- Runny nose
- Low appetite
- Fatigue
Causes
Laryngotracheitis is typically caused by a viral infection. The most common viruses are:
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- Parainfluenza virus
- Adenovirus
- Influenza virus
Bacterial infection can also cause laryngotracheitis, though it is much less common.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of laryngotracheitis is typically based on a physical examination, medical history, and examination of the throat and upper windpipe. A doctor may also order laboratory tests to check for viral or bacterial infection.
Treatment
Treatment for laryngotracheitis depends on its severity. For mild cases, treatment typically involves rest, plenty of fluids, and medications to reduce fever and inflammation. Severe cases may require hospitalization for medications to open the airway (such as epinephrine), oxygen, and special inhalation treatments.