Hormonal Contraception

How Does Hormonal Contraception Work?

Hormonal contraception involves the use of synthetic hormones to prevent pregnancy and works in several ways. It prevents an egg from being released and fertilized, which prevents pregnancy. It thickens cervical mucus, which prevents sperm from reaching the egg and fertilizing it. Some hormonal contraceptives even thicken the lining of the uterus, which prevents a fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus.

Hormones used in hormonal contraception come in various forms, including pills, patches, injections, and implants. The hormones most commonly used in contraceptive pills are progestin and estrogen. As with all hormonal contraceptives, specific or combination methods vary depending on the individual.

Types of Hormonal Contraceptives

The most common types of hormonal contraceptives are listed below. It’s important to remember that not all methods are suitable for everyone.

• Combined Oral Contraceptives: these contain both estrogen and progestin and are taken as a daily pill.
• Progestin-Only Pills: generally taken as a daily pill, these only contain progestin.
• The Patch: also known as Ortho Evra, this contraceptive is applied to the skin and replaced once a week.
• Contraceptive Injections: using progestin-only, these are generally given every three months.
• Contraceptive Implant: this is a progestin-only method that is inserted under the skin and is effective for up to five years.
• Vaginal Ring: also known as NuvaRing, this is a type of combined hormonal contraceptive that is placed in the vagina and replaced every three weeks.

Side Effects of Hormonal Contraception

While hormonal contraception has many benefits, it can also cause a variety of side effects in some people. Common side effects can include irregular bleeding, breast tenderness, headaches, nausea, and mood changes. More serious side effects may include weight gain, an increased risk of blood clots, and in rare cases, stroke.

It’s important to remember that different types of contraception may work differently for different people. If you are considering using a hormonal contraceptive, talk to your health care provider about the potential side effects and which method may be best for you.