Gingivitis
What is Gingivitis?
Gingivitis is a type of periodontal disease that causes inflammation and irritation of the gums. It is the earliest stage of gum disease, and often includes swelling, redness, pain, and bleeding of the gums. If left untreated, it can progress to more serious periodontal disease. Gingivitis is usually caused by bacteria in plaque, an invisible film that constantly forms on teeth and along the gum line. However, other conditions such as genetics, stress, medications, and poor nutrition can also contribute to the development of the disease.
Signs and Symptoms of Gingivitis
The signs and symptoms of gingivitis can include:
- Swollen or tender gums
- Gums that bleed easily, especially when brushing or flossing
- A bad taste in the mouth
- Receding gums
- Bright red or purplish color to the gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Formation of pockets between the teeth and gums
Risk Factors and Prevention of Gingivitis
The following are some common risk factors for developing gingivitis:
- Poor oral hygiene
- Smoking or use of smokeless tobacco
- Certain medications (i.e. dilantin, cyclosporine) that interfere with saliva production
- Illnesses such as diabetes or HIV/AIDS
- Hormonal fluctuations during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause
- Crooked teeth or dental appliances that are not properly fitted.
To prevent gingivitis, it is important to practice good oral hygiene. This includes brushing your teeth at least twice a day, flossing daily, using a soft-bristled toothbrush, and avoiding tobacco products. In addition, regular dental check-ups and professional cleaning can help to keep gingivitis from worsening.
Treatment of Gingivitis
Mild cases of gingivitis can be treated with proper oral hygiene and regular dental cleanings. This includes brushing and flossing your teeth at least twice a day, using a soft-bristled toothbrush, and rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash. If necessary, your dentist may also prescribe an antibiotic or an antimicrobial mouth rinse to help reduce inflammation and bacteria in your mouth.
More severe cases of gingivitis may require more aggressive treatment, such as root scaling and planing. This procedure removes the bacteria and buildup from below the gum line. In some cases, laser therapy may also be used to reduce inflammation and remove plaque buildup.