Filariasis
What is Filariasis?
Filariasis is a parasitic infection caused by a group of nematodes (thread-like roundworms) called filaria. It is spread by the bites of infected mosquitoes, and is one of the biggest health concerns in tropical countries in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. It affects more than 120 million people, mainly in rural communities. In its most severe forms, it can cause elephantiasis and other physical disfigurements and disabilities.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of filariasis vary greatly, depending on the particular filarial parasite that is causing the infection. In most infected individuals, the symptoms can range from no symptoms at all to severe health problems. The most common symptoms are swelling (edema) and inflammation of the legs or other extremities, particularly during the night, when the female parasites are most active and mate.
Other potential symptoms include: joint pain, fever, fatigue, general weakness, enlarged lymph nodes, skin rash, itching, and reduced vision in the affected eye.
Risk Factors
The main risk factors for filariasis are living in or traveling to an area where the disease is common, being bitten by an infected mosquito, contact with contaminated water, and living in poverty.
Prevention and Treatment
Prevention measures include using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and trousers in areas where the disease is common, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites, such as standing water and garbage. To reduce the risk of being bitten, people should wear protective clothing and use insecticidal netting.
Treatment for filariasis typically involves a combination of drugs, such as diethylcarbamazine (DEC), which kills the larvae, and antifilarial drugs, such as albendazole, ivermectin, and mebendazole, which kill the adult worms.
Complications
If left untreated, filariasis can cause severe and disabling disorders, such as elephantiasis, lymphatic filariasis, and hydrocele. Other potential complications include increased risk of infection, organ damage, and even death.
Home Remedies for Filariasis
- Garlic: Eating three to five cloves of fresh garlic every day can help reduce the risk of filariasis.
- Cayenne pepper: Cayenne pepper is believed to possess antifilarial properties, and can be taken with honey or lemon juice to help eliminate the parasites.
- Ginger: Ginger has anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce swelling, as well as antiparasitic effects that can help reduce the impact of filariasis.
- Neem: Neem contains compounds that can help fight off parasitic infections. Taking neem extract can help reduce swelling and other symptoms of filariasis.
- Turmeric: Turmeric can help reduce inflammation and pain. Taking a teaspoon of turmeric powder daily can help alleviate symptoms of filariasis.