Episodic Cluster Headache

Episodic Cluster Headache: What is it?

Episodic Cluster Headache (ECH) is a debilitating form of primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent attacks lasting 15–180 minutes and occurring multiple times a day or in clusters of attacks over weeks or months. It is one of the most painful types of headache and is experienced in levels of pain that greatly outweigh more common headaches.

The condition is often described as softball-sized pressure squeezing around one side of the forehead and eye, accompanied by a red, teary, drooping eye, nasal congestion and/or a runny nose. It can also be accompanied by a feeling of restlessness or agitation. Pain is usually most intense within 30 minutes of onset.

What Causes Episodic Cluster Headache?

Episodic cluster headache is caused by overactivity in the hypothalamus. It is a neurological disorder with no known cure, however, treatment options are available to help manage symptoms. Some research suggests that genetics may play a role in the condition, and certain medications, such as calcium channel blockers, can provide relief in some individuals.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing episodic cluster headache is done by a neurologist who will perform a physical exam and take a medical history. Symptoms such as jabbing pain around one eye, tearing of the eye, drooping of the eyelid, congested nostrils, and restless, agitated behavior can help diagnose the condition. Furthermore, a doctor may recommend specialized tests such as imaging scans and possible endoscopic tests to identify any underlying causes.

Treatment

Treatment for episodic cluster headache typically involves medications, lifestyle changes, and stress and relaxation techniques.

  • Medications: Medications commonly prescribed for episodic cluster headache include pain relievers such as triptans, calcium channel blockers (for prevention), and corticosteroids (for rapidly relieving acute attacks).
  • Lifestyle Changes: Reducing stress and avoiding triggers such as sleep deprivation, alcohol, bright light, and consuming certain foods, are important in managing episodic cluster headache.
  • Stress and Relaxation Techniques: Relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can help alleviate stress and symptoms.

Conclusion

Episodic cluster headache is a debilitating primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent attacks. It is believed to be caused by overactivity in the hypothalamus, and it may have genetic components. While there is no known cure, treatments such as medications, lifestyle changes, and stress and relaxation techniques can help manage symptoms.

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