Atherosclerosis
What is Atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is a type of disease where fatty substances accumulate in the walls of arteries. It is caused by an inflammatory reaction in the walls of arteries, leading to the formation of plaque. Plaque is made up of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other cellular waste. As it builds up, it restricts the flow of oxygenated blood to the organs and creates a risk of blood clots and stroke.
This condition can lead to heart attack, aneurysm, stroke, and other life-threatening complications. A large number of factors can increase the risk of atherosclerosis, such as smoking, having high levels of LDL cholesterol, and diabetes.
Symptoms of Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis often does not cause symptoms until it has advanced to a late stage. Symptoms can include:
- Chest pain or tightness
- Shortness of breath
- Pain in the arms, legs or feet when walking or exercising (claudication)
- Pain in the jaw
- Slurred speech
- Loss of vision or double vision
- Weakness or numbness on one side of the body
Treatments for Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition that can't be cured, but its progression can be slowed with lifestyle changes and medications. The goals of treatment are to reduce risk factors, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. Common treatments include:
- Making healthy lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly
- Controlling cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels through lifestyle changes and medication
- Seeking emotional support through counseling or support groups
- Undergoing angioplasty, open surgery, or other procedures to reduce arterial blockage
- Taking blood thinners and other medications to reduce clotting and inflammation in the arteries
Prevention
The best way to prevent atherosclerosis is to avoid or reduce risk factors, such as smoking, having an unhealthy diet, and engaging in physical inactivity. Eating a healthy diet full of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight are all important steps to take.
It is also important to get regular check-ups and follow the advice of your doctor about maintaining a healthy lifestyle. If you are at risk for or have already been diagnosed with atherosclerosis, it is important to take steps to reduce your risk factors.