Acute radiation sickness
What is Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS)?
Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS) is a severe health condition that is the result of exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation. This type of radiation includes that which is emitted from nuclear weapons, X-rays, radiation therapy, and high doses of radiation from occupational accidents. ARS can have a range of short and long-term effects on the body depending on the dose received and the organs that are exposed.
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Radiation Sickness
The primary symptoms of acute radiation sickness can appear anywhere from a few hours to several days or weeks after the exposure and may include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue and weakness
- Fever and chills
- Headache
- Dizziness and lightheadedness
- Hair loss
- Inflammation of the mouth, throat, and eyes
- Skin rashes and reddening
- Loss of appetite
The severity of the symptoms depends on the dose of radiation exposure and the organs affected, with a higher dose usually resulting in more severe symptoms. In extreme cases, acute radiation sickness can be fatal.
Diagnosis of Acute Radiation Sickness
The diagnosis of acute radiation sickness is made based on the patient's history of radiation exposure and a physical examination to detect any signs and symptoms of the condition. Additional testing, such as a bone marrow biopsy, may also be used to evaluate the effects of the radiation on the patient's body.
Treatment for Acute Radiation Sickness
Treatment for acute radiation sickness typically involves supportive care aimed at relieving symptoms and managing complications. This may include medications such as anti-nausea drugs and antibiotics to prevent infections. For people with severe cases of the condition, a bone marrow transplant may be necessary in order to restore the ability to produce new blood cells.