Pulmonary function tests
Pulmonary Function Tests
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are non-invasive tests that assess lung function. They are commonly performed to determine the cause of a respiratory-related complaint, to establish the level of severity of a lung disorder for instance. A pulmonary function test may involve measuring your breathing capacity, your rate of breathing, how much air is exhaled, gas exchange levels, and the amount of oxygen in the body.
PREPARATION FOR PFTs
Prior to the procedure, your doctor will provide you with instructions. In general, it is recommended that you refrain from food and/or beverages for at least two hours prior to the test, and if you are taking a bronchodilator or other medication, to talk to your doctor about when it would be appropriate to take that. Your doctor may also recommend that you wear a comfortable outfit such as a t-shirt and shorts to the test.
PROCEDURE FOR PFTs
The pulmonary function test generally involves you sitting in a semi-reclined chair or standing in a booth. A sensor is placed around your mouth and nose to measure your breath. Depending on the type of PFT, this test can take an hour or less. The technician will ask you to perform specific activities such as exhaling forcefully or inhaling deeply to measure the flow of air through your pulmonary system.
TYPES OF PFTs
- Spirometry
- Lung Volume Measurements
- Pharmacological Challenge Tests
- Diffusing Capacity Test
- Chest X-rays
- Blood Tests
WHY PFTs ARE PERFORMED?
Pulmonary function tests are performed to detect, diagnose, monitor and evaluate the severity of a lung-related disorder, such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial fibrosis. The results of a PFT can also help to determine if the patient is a good candidate for a lung transplant, and it can monitor the response to certain treatments such as anticholinergics, corticosteroids, beta-agonists, antibiotics and mucolytics.
WHEN PFTs ARE PERFORMED?
The timing of pulmonary function tests will depend on the lung condition being diagnosed or monitored, and the practitioner’s clinical judgement. Generally, pulmonary function tests are performed on an annual or semi-annual basis if the patient is suffering from a lung disorder, or if they are at a higher risk of developing one.
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH PFTs
PFTs are generally safe and noninvasive, and have few risks associated with them. Commonly associated risks include a mild bronchial irritant, fainting, and feelings of dizziness. However, such reactions tend to be mild and do not require any form of treatment.