Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia
Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia: Exploring Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) is a form of leukemia in which the abnormal cells are not lymphocytes but white blood cells, which are responsible for different functions in the body. These abnormal cells divide too fast and don’t die at the normal rate, resulting in a collection of cancerous cells. In normal cells, white blood cells can eventually become malignant and cause damage to the body.
ANLL usually progresses rapidly and taking action quickly is essential. Though the exact cause of this cancer is not known, some of the risk factors include:
- Exposure to radiation or chemicals
- Previous chemotherapy or radiation treatments
- Family history of leukemia
- Genetic conditions such as Downs syndrome
- Exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke
The signs and symptoms of ANLL vary depending on the type, but the general signs include:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Frequent infections
- Shortness of breath
- Unexplained weight loss
- Night sweats
- Pain in the bones or joints
- Fever
- Pale skin
- Easy bleeding or bruising
Treatment for ANLL involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or stem cell transplantation to kill cancer cells and provide fresh, healthy blood cells. Some of the chemotherapy drugs used include cytarabine, daunorubicin, and l-asparaginase. Radiation therapy may also be used in combination with chemotherapy depending on the severity of the cancer.
It is essential for anyone exhibiting signs and symptoms of ANLL to seek medical attention immediately. Early treatment is key to successful management and can significantly improve the prognosis.