Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (AECB)

Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) is an acute inflammatory process in the lower airways characterized by an increase in the severity of productive cough, dyspnea, change in sputum purulence and amount, and other signs and symptoms such as fever, malaise, and chest discomfort. AECB can lead to lung complications and other chronic problems such as asthma and emphysema. It is a common cause of hospitalization and death from respiratory causes.

AECB is caused by various viruses, bacteria, air pollutants, allergens, and other environmental irritants. The most common infectious causes are respiratory viruses such as influenza and rhinovirus. Bacterial infection is less commonly associated with AECB. Environmental factors such as smoking, chemical exposures, air pollution, and exposure to occupational dusts and allergens can worsen the condition.

Treatment of AECB is aimed at relieving symptoms, controlling the worsening of the condition, and preventing further complications. Treatment may include oxygen therapy, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and mucolytics. In severe cases, mechanical ventilation or intensive care may be needed.

Prevention

Prevention of AECB includes avoiding or limiting exposure to environmental pollutants, allergens, dusts, and other irritants. Vaccination against the flu is important as well as avoiding smoking, practicing good hand hygiene, and getting regular exercise. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing other medical conditions such as diabetes and COPD can also help to reduce the risk of AECB.

Risk Factors

Smoking/Exposure to secondhand smoke
Exposure to air pollution
Exposure to occupational dust and allergens
Lower socioeconomic status
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Cigarette smoking