Active secondary progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Understanding Active Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition that affects the brain and central nervous system. Its symptoms may range from numbness to paralysis and difficulty with cognitive and motor functioning. Active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is a form of MS that is more advanced than the relapsing remitting form of MS.

In active SPMS, the patient experiences an increase in neurological disability accompanied by new or worse symptoms, even if there has not been an active relapse. This type of MS is characterized by a significant decline in the patient’s ability to walk and perform daily activities. The patient's condition will continue to worsen without treatment and the patient can become dependent on a wheelchair.

Diagnosis and Symptoms of Active Secondary Progressive MS

Every case of active SPMS is unique and symptoms may vary from patient to patient. A physician may diagnose active SPMS if a patient progresses from relapsing remitting MS to secondary progressive MS while still having relapses. Symptoms of this form of MS may include:

Fatigue
Balance problems
Decreased coordination and mobility
Changes in vision
Bowel and bladder problems
Vertigo
Muscle weakness
Numbness and tingling sensations
Cognitive impairment
Speech and swallowing issues

Treatment Options

The goal of treatment for active SPMS is to alleviate symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. There is no cure for MS yet, so treatment is typically focused on symptom relief and improving a patient’s quality of life. Treatment options may include:

Medications such as interferon beta, glatiramer-acetate, and dimethyl fumarate.
Physical therapy to improve strength, balance, mobility, and coordination.
Occupational therapy to help patients regain independence and relearn everyday tasks.
Speech therapy to improve communication skills.
Psychology and social work support to deal with the psychological effects of MS.