Zika Virus Test
Zika Virus Test
Zika virus testing is a type of medical test that helps detect the presence of Zika in a person's body. Zika virus can cause serious health complications such as microcephaly, neurological disorders, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. It is also believed that Zika can cause developmental defects in fetuses during pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to test for the infection in pregnant women to ensure the fetus is not affected.
Preparation for Zika Virus Test
Most Zika virus tests require a sample of blood or urine from the person being tested. The sample is usually taken at a health clinic or hospital, though this can vary depending on the test and country. Before the test, it's important for the patient to provide a detailed medical history to help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis.
Procedure for Zika Virus Test
The procedure for a Zika virus test varies slightly depending on the type of test being conducted. Generally, a sample of blood or urine is taken from the patient and sent to a laboratory for testing. The sample is then tested for Zika virus antibodies, which indicate an active or previous infection. In some cases, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test may be used to detect Zika virus itself.
Types of Zika Virus Tests
- IgM Antibody Test: This blood test looks for antibodies to Zika virus. It indicates if an individual has been infected with Zika virus in the past.
- PCR Test: This is a test for Zika virus itself and can be performed on blood or urine samples. It is not usually used for diagnosis because it only detects Zika virus in the blood for a short period of time.
- Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT): This test is used to measure the level of neutralizing antibodies in the blood. It is considered to be the most accurate test for diagnosing Zika virus infections.
Risks of Zika Virus Test
The risks associated with a Zika virus test are minimal. The most common risks are minor discomfort and bruising at the site of the blood draw. Zika virus tests are generally considered safe, but it's important to talk to a healthcare professional about any concerns.
Why Get Tested for Zika Virus?
Getting tested for Zika virus is important for pregnant women, as it can prevent birth defects caused by the virus. Zika virus tests can also help diagnose the infection in people who may have been exposed to Zika. Early diagnosis is important to help prevent further health complications.
When to Get Tested for Zika Virus?
Pregnant women who live in or have traveled to a Zika-affected area should talk to their healthcare provider about getting tested for Zika virus. Testing should also be considered for people who have had unprotected sex with someone who has recently traveled to or lives in a Zika-affected area.