Hysterosalpingography
What is Hysterosalpingography?
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an X-ray of the uterus and fallopian tubes. It helps diagnose the cause of infertility and can help identify problems in the uterus or fallopian tubes. It is also used to confirm that a woman does not have any intrauterine adhesions. It is generally conducted as an outpatient procedure.
Purpose of the Test
This test is used to diagnose the cause of infertility and to detect structural abnormalities of the uterus or fallopian tubes. Structural abnormalities, such as fibroids, polyps, intrauterine adhesions or a distorted uterine cavity may be the cause of infertility. Hysterosalpingography can also detect blocked fallopian tubes due to previous pelvic infection, tubal scarring, or other conditions.
Preparation for Hysterosalpingography
A woman typically prepares for a hysterosalpingography test by taking oral antibiotics and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen prior to the procedure. It is also important to have a full bladder prior to the test; this helps to allow the radiologist to get a better view of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
Hysterosalpingography Procedure
The test is conducted in a hospital or imaging center. A radiologist or technician injects a non-radioactive material, usually a contrast material called saline or iodine, through the cervix and into the uterus. This material helps to outline the uterine cavity on the X-ray and can help determine whether the fallopian tubes are open or blocked.
The radiologist takes X-rays at different times. The test usually takes place in one session, but can take up to two hours to complete, depending on the procedure and radiologist.
Types of Hysterosalpingography
Conventional Hysterosalpingography: A standard X-ray is used to take pictures of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
Ultrasound-Guided Hysterosalpingography: In this procedure, an ultrasound is used to guide the radiologist in placing the contrast material.
Fluoroscopic Hysterosalpingography: A special X-ray machine is used to allow the radiologist to see the uterus and fallopian tubes in real time.
Risks of Hysterosalpingography
Risks associated with hysterosalpingography are rare, but may include uterine cramping, infection, and allergic reaction to the contrast material. Severe complications are very rare.
When to Perform Hysterosalpingography
This test is usually done when a woman has had difficulty getting pregnant. It is usually done soon after menstrual bleeding has ended. Before the test, a woman's doctor will recommend taking pre-test medications and avoiding sexual intercourse for at least 2 days.
Why is Hysterosalpingography Done?
Hysterosalpingography is used to diagnose the cause of infertility, to evaluate the uterus and fallopian tubes for abnormalities, and to detect blocked fallopian tubes. It can also be used to confirm that a woman does not have any intrauterine adhesions.