Endotracheal intubation

Endotracheal Intubation

Endotracheal intubation is a medical procedure in which a tube is inserted through the nose or mouth into a patient's windpipe in order to facilitate oxygen delivery or removal of air or gases from the lungs. It is commonly used in critical care, emergency medicine, and anesthesiology.

Preparation

Before the procedure, the patient's airway must be assessed for any existing blockage or obstruction that might interfere with the endotracheal tube insertion. The patient is then typically sedated to reduce patient anxiety and discomfort during the procedure. Additionally, medications can be given to reduce the amount of secretions in the airway and make insertion easier.

Procedure

The procedure of endotracheal intubation involves inserting a lubricated tube through the nose or mouth and into the patient's trachea. During the procedure, the patient is continually monitored and ventilation is adjusted as needed. After the tube is inserted, it is secured in place by ties or a tape.

Types

There are two main types of endotracheal intubation: oral (through the mouth) and nasotracheal (through the nose). Both techniques involve inserting a tube through the mouth or nose, but the nasotracheal intubation requires additional manipulation of the airway structures.

Risks

Risks associated with endotracheal intubation include bleeding, damage to the airway, pneumonia, vocal cord damage, and death. Other risks include airway obstruction, infection, pain, sedation complications, and injury to the teeth or gums.

Why

Endotracheal intubation is often used in critical care situations where the patient needs to receive oxygen or have air removed from their lungs. It may also be used in emergency medicine situations where the patient is unable to breathe on their own, or during surgery to protect the patient from the effects of anesthesia.

When

Endotracheal intubation is typically used in critical care situations when the patient cannot breathe on their own, or in emergency medicine when the patient is experiencing respiratory distress due to an obstruction. It is also used during anesthesia when the patient needs to be monitored and supported.