Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by susceptible bacteria

Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections are a highly common type of bacterial infection, which occur when a bacteria breaches the skin’s natural defenses and infects the layers of skin. Uncomplicated skin and skin- stucture infections can be caused by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and can be localized to one area of the body, or spread to several areas of the body.

The most common bacterial causes of uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections are Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus), Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus or MRSA), and beta-hemolytic streptococci other than group A, such as viridans streptococci. These bacteria can generally be treated with antibiotics.

Signs and Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections can depend on the type of bacteria causing the infection and may include:

Redness
Pain
Swelling
Pus (opaque and white or yellow-green drainage)
Warmth at the site of the infection
Fever
Frequent bouts of similar infections
Skin rash

If not properly treated, the infection can spread to neighboring organs and tissues, and even throughout the entire body. To prevent the spread of infection, it is important to seek medical treatment as soon as possible.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections usually involves a physical examination, and may include a sample of the infected area or a blood test to determine the type of bacteria causing the infection. Depending on the severity of the infection, imaging tests, such as an X-ray or ultrasound, may also be used to determine the extent of the infection.

Treatment

Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections are typically treated with antibiotics. The type of antibiotic used will depend on the type of bacteria causing the infection. If the infection is severe or not responding to antibiotics, surgery may also be necessary. Surgery may involve draining the infected area or removing infected tissue.

In addition to antibiotics, a doctor may recommend other treatments to help relieve the symptoms of an uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infection. These treatments may include using warm compresses, cleaning the infected area with an antibiotic solution, applying an antibiotic ointment to the affected area, and keeping the area clean to reduce the risk of further infection.